[37] According to William Logan, the word Malabar comes from a combination of the Malayalam word Mala (hill) and the Persian/Arabic word Barr (country/continent). [154], By the end of 18th century, the whole of Kerala fell under the control of the British, either administered directly or under suzerainty. [41] The land which rose from sea was filled with salt and unsuitable for habitation; so Parasurama invoked the Snake King Vasuki, who spat holy poison and converted the soil into fertile lush green land. The vast majority of residents of Kerala are Malayalis, but there are many smaller ethnic groups including Tuluvas, Tamils, Kannadigas and Konkanis. Population statistics indicated are as of 2011 census.[30][31][32][33]. Malabar is reminiscent of the word Malanad which means the land of hills. [318], The Department of Public Works is responsible for maintaining and expanding the state highways system and major district roads. [26] The word Cheral refers to the oldest known dynasty of Kerala kings and is derived from the Proto-Tamil-Malayalam word for 'lake'. [595], Kerala's beaches, backwaters, lakes, mountain ranges, waterfalls, ancient ports, palaces, religious institutions[596] and wildlife sanctuaries are major attractions for both domestic and international tourists. [491] It was elaborated through centuries of contact with neighbouring and overseas cultures. The state has a second major IT hub, the Infopark centred in Kochi with "spokes"(it acts as the "hub") in Thrissur and Alleppy. T. C. Yohannan, Suresh Babu, Sinimol Paulose, Angel Mary Joseph, Mercy Kuttan, K. Saramma, K. C. Rosakutty, Padmini Selvan and Tintu Luka are the other Arjuna Award winners from Kerala. [258][259] The KSIDC has promoted more than 650 medium and large manufacturing firms in Kerala, creating employment for 72,500 people. 8 June 2008, Padmalal D, Maya K, Sreebha S & Sreeja R, 2007, Environmental effects of river sand mining: a case from the river catchments of. This is believed to be an underestimate as private hospitals may not be reporting their figures. The Kerala people never more heard any tidings of him. [46][47], Ophir, a port or region mentioned in the Bible,[48] famous for its wealth, is often identified with some coastal areas of Kerala. [102][103][104] Arabs also had trade links with Kerala, starting before the 4th century BCE, as Herodotus (484–413 BCE) noted that goods brought by Arabs from Kerala were sold to the Israelis [Hebrew (Jews)] at Eden. [603] In 2011, tourist inflow to Kerala crossed the 10-million mark. This mentions a pepper emporium called Male, which clearly gave its name to Malabar ('the country of Male'). See Sahyadri Kanda Chapter 7 in Skanda Purana. Location : North Latitude between 80 - 18' and 120 - 48' East Longitude between 740 - 52' and 770 - 22' Area : 38863 sq. [84] Scholars hold that Keralaputra is an alternate name of the Cheras, the first dominant dynasty based in Kerala. [25] At that time, one of three states in the region was called Cheralam in Classical Tamil: Chera and Kera are variants of the same word. [567] The most widely circulated Malayalam-language newspapers are Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi, Madhyamam, Deshabhimani, Mangalam Publications, Kerala Kaumudi, Chandrika, Suprabhaatham, Janayugam, Janmabhumi, Deepika and Siraj Daily. [92] The lesser known Ays and Mushikas kingdoms lay to the south and north of the Chera regions respectively. [260] A mining sector of 0.3% of GSDP involves extraction of ilmenite, kaolin, bauxite, silica, quartz, rutile, zircon, and sillimanite. KERALA AT A GLANCE . The state's only drive-in beach, Muzhappilangad in Kannur, which stretches across five kilometres of sand, was chosen by the BBC as one of the top six drive-in beaches[608] in the world in 2016. Kerala is a state tucked away in the southwest corner of India. Transport services are mainly provided by country craft and passenger vessels. [122] Finally, the Kulasekhara dynasty was subjugated in 1102 by the combined attack of Later Pandyas and Later Cholas. The ratio for Kerala is 1.084 — 1084 females per 1000 males — while the national figure is 0.940. [29][30] Keralam may stem from the Classical Tamil cherive-alam 'declivity of a hill or a mountain slope'[31] or chera alam 'land of the Cheras'. He won the war against the Devas, driving them into exile. Population of 2nd ranked Madhya Pradesh and 3rd ranked Maharashtra are slightly less than of Oman. Malankara orthodox church, Jacobite Syrian orthodox church and Marthomite Syrian church denominations claim Syrian roots. Emphasis on health reform 2014 John Nicholson, SPRING Project, Courtesy of Photoshare_Kerala.jpg SPRING Project/John Nicholson/Courtesy of Photoshare India is a middle-income South Asian country with a population of over 1.2 billion [1]. [125] He built a fort at Ponnani in 1498.[125]. This central focus — deemed unusual in India — was then maintained after Kerala's post-independence inauguration as a state. Altogether, 24% of Kerala is forested. The major religions followed in Kerala are Hinduism (54.7% — Hinduism in Kerala), Islam (26.6%) and Christianity (18.4%).[11]. [480][481] It was developed to support ICT enabled education for schools in the state. [523] Melam; including the paandi and panchari variants, is a more percussive style of music:[524] it is performed at Kshetram-centered festivals using the chenda. In addition, as of early 2013 there are close to 2.5 million (7.5% of state population) migrant workers from other states of India in Kerala.[34]. [95] In foreign-trade circles the region was known as Male or Malabar. [569] A sizeable People's science movement has taken root in the state, and such activities as writer's cooperatives are becoming increasingly common. "Jews in India." [38] Lacking worthy enemies, he besieged the sea by throwing his spear into it. [134] Fort St Angelo or St. Angelo Fort was built at Kannur in 1505 and Fort St Thomas was built at Kollam(Quilon) in 1518 by the Portuguese. [232] With the enactment of Kerala Panchayati Raj Act and Kerala Municipality Act in 1994, the state implemented reforms in local self-governance. Kerala's Kathakali is a stylized classical Indian dance-drama noted for the attractive make-up of characters, elaborate costumes, detailed gestures and well-defined body movements presented in tune with the anchor playback music and complementary … [556] Popular snacks include banana chips, yam crisps, tapioca chips, Achappam, Unni appam and kuzhalappam. The Kannur District surrounds Mahé on three sides with the Kozhikode District on the fourth. [493] In Malayalam literature, elephants are referred to as the "sons of the sahya". [416] According to 2011 Census of India figures, 54.73% of Kerala's residents were Hindus, 26.56% are Muslims, 18.38% are Christians, and the remaining 0.32% follow another religion or have no religious affiliation. In the lakes, wetlands, and waterways, fish such as Kadu, Red Line Torpedo Barb and choottachi; orange chromide—Etroplus maculatus are found. It also reported that approximately 150 to 200 liver transplants are conducted in the region's hospitals annually. [82]:110 41 of Kerala's west-flowing rivers,[173] and 3 of its east-flowing ones originate in this region. Kerala hosts two major political alliances: the United Democratic Front (UDF), led by the Indian National Congress; and the Left Democratic Front (LDF), led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)). E. J. Brill, Leiden. In 1991, Kerala had the lowest TFR (Children born per women) in the whole of India. [421][422] Notable has been the occurrence of Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin, the mythical Hindu king that moved to Arabia to meet the Islamic Prophet Muhammad and converted to Islam. Roman establishments in the port cities of the region, such as a temple of Augustus and barracks for garrisoned Roman soldiers, are marked in the Tabula Peutingeriana, the only surviving map of the Roman cursus publicus. [493] The Malayalam calendar, a solar sidereal calendar started from 825 CE in Kerala,[494] finds common usage in planning agricultural and religious activities. The tertiary sector comprises services such as transport, storage, communications, tourism, banking, insurance and real estate. [i] The famous 'gold of Ophir' is referenced in several other books of the Hebrew Bible. In 2010, 60.79% of the deaths were reported from Hindus, 18.31% from Muslims and, 20.36% from Christians. Spread over 38,863 km (15,005 sq mi), Kerala is the twenty-first largest Indian state by area. [88] It is noted in Sangam literature that the Chera king Uthiyan Cheralathan ruled most of modern Kerala from his capital in Kuttanad,[89][90] and controlled the port of Muziris, but its southern tip was in the kingdom of Pandyas,[91] which had a trading port sometimes identified in ancient Western sources as Nelcynda (or Neacyndi) in Quilon. The Chera Dynasty was the first prominent kingdom based in Kerala. [353] The state's 321,000 indigenous tribal Adivasis, 1.10% of the population, are concentrated in the east. [371] Kerala is also widely regarded as the cleanest and healthiest state in India. Devika, J. [538][539][540] In the second half of the 20th century, Jnanpith winning poets and writers like G. Sankara Kurup, S. K. Pottekkatt, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, M. T. Vasudevan Nair and O. N. V. Kurup had made valuable contributions to the modern Malayalam literature. [244] The state witnessed significant emigration during the Gulf Boom of the 1970s and early 1980s. 10, 11). WHO has declared the COVID-19 epidemic affecting countries as a Pandemic. In other states, national highways are grade separated, 60 metres (200 feet) wide with a minimum of four lanes, as well as 6 or 8-lane access-controlled expressways. Annual Vital Statistics Report 2018 1. [22][25], Studies indicate that by the time of 2016 state elections, migrants will become a crucial voting block in many of the constituencies in Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Kochi, Kozhikode, Thrissur and Kannur districts. [145] The Kochi ruler sued for peace with Anizham Thirunal and Malabar came under direct British rule until India became independent. [411] As of 2017-18, there are 6,691 modern medicine institutions under the department of health services, of which the total bed strength is 37,843; 15,780 in rural areas and 22,063 in urban. [565] Dozens of newspapers are published in Kerala, in nine major languages,[566] but principally Malayalam and English. [399]:5 Kerala's 13.3% prevalence of low birth weight is higher than that of many first world nations. [36] The Arab writers had called this place Malibar, Manibar, Mulibar, and Munibar. [522] Most of the castes and communities in Kerala have rich collections of folk songs and ballads associated with a variety of themes; Vadakkan Pattukal (Northern Ballads), Thekkan pattukal (Southern Ballads), Vanchi pattukal (Boat Songs), Mappila Pattukal (Muslim songs) and Pallipattukal (Church songs) are a few of them.[525]. [602] Many advertisements branded Kerala with the tagline Kerala, God's Own Country. Malayalam films carved a niche for themselves in the Indian film industry with the presentation of social themes. The wood of the tree was very precious, and was brought from Ophir (probably some part of India), along with gold and precious stones, by Hiram, and was used in the formation of pillars for the temple at Jerusalem, and for the king's house; also for the inlaying of stairs, as well as for harps and psalteries. Kerala Literacy Rate 2011 Literacy rate in Kerala has seen upward trend and is 94.00 percent as per 2011 population census. [28] The Skanda Purana mentions the ecclesiastical office of the Thachudaya Kaimal who is referred to as Manikkam Keralar, synonymous with the deity of the Koodalmanikyam temple. The total growth of the farm sector has recorded a 4.39% increase in 2012–13, over a paltry 1.3% growth in the previous fiscal year. [204]:12 Three of the world's Ramsar Convention listed wetlands—Lake Sasthamkotta, Ashtamudi Lake and the Vembanad-Kol wetlands—are in Kerala, as well as 1455.4 km2 of the vast Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. [249] According to a study done in 2013, ₹175 billion (US$2.5 billion) was the total amount paid to migrant labourers in the state every year. [501] Other known festivals are Makaravilakku,[502] Chinakkathoor Pooram, Attukal Pongala and Nenmara Vallangi Vela[503] Other than these, festivals locally known as utsavams are conducted by many temples mostly on annual basis. [296] Home gardens made up a significant portion of the agricultural sector. [77] The studies point to the development of ancient Kerala society and its culture beginning from the Paleolithic Age, through the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Megalithic Ages. [576] Kerala has only performed well recently in the Ranji Trophy cricket competition, in 2017–18 reaching the quarterfinals for the first time in history. The survey also revealed that the rural-urban difference in household expenditure on education was much less in Kerala than in the rest of India.[479]. Population of Kerala in 2021 is estimated to be 35,336,581. In the forests, sonokeling, Dalbergia latifolia, anjili, mullumurikku, Erythrina, and Cassia number among the more than 1,000 species of trees in Kerala. [353] Kerala's population more than doubled between 1951 and 1991 by adding 15.6 million people to reach 29.1 million residents in 1991; the population stood at 33.3 million by 2011. To drive back the invading forces the Perumal summoned the militia of his chieftains (like Udaya Varman Kolathiri, Manichchan, and Vikkiran of Eranad). According to the Human Development Report of 1996, Kerala's Gender Development Index was 597; higher than any other state of India. In addition, Portuguese invasions in the 15th century caused two major religions, Buddhism and Jainism, to disappear from the land. Lunch dishes include rice and curry along with rasam, pulisherry and sambar. In Kerala, highways are 45 metres (148 feet) wide. S.C. Bhatt, Gopal K. Bhargava (2006) "Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories: Volume 14. The major urban centres and industrial complexes … Kerala also had a tiny Jewish population until recently, said to date from 587 BC when they fled the occupation of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar. [407]:15, In 2014, Kerala became the first state in India to offer free cancer treatment to the poor, via a program called Sukrutham. [204]:12, 174–175 Reptiles include the king cobra, viper, python, and mugger crocodile. According to the Economic Times[607] Kerala netted a record revenue of INR 36,528.01 crore from the tourism sector in 2018, clocking an increase of Rs 2,874.33 crore from the previous year. Out of the 4,000 flowering plant species; 1,272 of which are endemic to Kerala, 900 are medicinal, and 159 are threatened. [43] The Matsya Purana, among the oldest of the 18 Puranas,[44][45] uses the Malaya Mountains of Kerala (and Tamil Nadu) as the setting for the story of Matsya, the first incarnation of Vishnu, and Manu, the first man and the king of the region. [142][143][144] In the 18th Century, Travancore King Sree Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma annexed all the kingdoms up to Cochin through military conquests, resulting in the rise of Travancore to pre-eminence in Kerala. Major Protestant groups are: Church of South India(C.S.I.) "Fort Cochin in Kerala 1750–1830 The Social Condition of a Dutch Community in an Indian Milieu." During the early part of the Kulasekara period, the southern region from Nagercoil to Thiruvalla was ruled by Ay kings, who lost their power in the 10th century, making the region a part of the Kulasekara empire. "Arab relations with Malabar Coast from 9th to 16th centuries" Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. [368][369], As of 2015[update], Kerala has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.770, which is in the "high" category, ranking it first in the country. [418] Kerala has the largest population of Christians in India. (Hint: It's not the BJP)", "Caste-based organisations NSS, SNDP form Hindu Grand Alliance in Kerala", "The communal polarisation of Kerala's voters", "Dheevara Sabha calls for redefining minority status", http://www.cds.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/wp322.pdf, http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_kerala.pdf, "The Hindu : Kerala News : Increase in Muslim population in the State", "Annual Vital Statistics Report – 2018, Page Number 92", "Annual Vital Statistics Report – 2017, Page Number 90", http://www.ecostat.kerala.gov.in/images/pdf/publications/Vital_Statistics/data/vital_statistics_2016.pdf, "Annual Vital Statistics Report – 2015, Page Number 21", "Annual Vital Statistics Report – 2014, Page Number 22", "Annual Vital Statistics Report – 2013, Page Number 22", "Annual Vital Statistics Report – 2012, Table – 2.7 (a), Page Number 23", "Annual Vital Statistics Report – 2011, Table – 2.7 (a), Page Number 23", "Annual Vital Statistics Report – 2010, Table – 2.7 (a), Page Number 23-24", "Annual Vital Statistics Report – 2009, Table – 2.7 (a), Page Number 19-20", "Annual Vital Statistics Report – 2008, Table – 1.7 (a), Page Number 19-20", "Annual Vital Statistics Report – 2007, Table – 1.7 (a), Page Number 16", "Annual Vital Statistics Report – 2006, Table – 1.7 (a), Page Number 34", "Annual Vital Statistics Report – 2005, Table – 1.7 (a), Page Number 28", http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/F-series/f10/2011-F10-32-MDDS.XLS, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Kerala&oldid=1011578512, Demographics of India by state or union territory, Articles with dead external links from November 2014, Articles with dead external links from August 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Kerala's districts, shaded by population density, United States - 680,076 (mainly U.S. Citizens). [446][447][448] As a consequence of centuries of mixing with colonial immigrants, beginning with the Portuguese, Dutch, French, British and other Europeans, there is a community of Anglo-Indians in Kerala of mixed European and Indian parentage or ancestry. [169] Geographically, Kerala can be divided into three climatically distinct regions: the eastern highlands; rugged and cool mountainous terrain, the central mid-lands; rolling hills, and the western lowlands; coastal plains. During his reign, the Portuguese managed to dominate relations with Kochi and established a few fortresses on the Malabar Coast. [391][392] In 2019, Kerala recorded the highest child sex abuse complaints in India. [336], Kochi Metro is the metro rail system in the city of Kochi. Kerala's taluks are further sub-divided into 1,674 revenue villages. [610] Kerala's ecotourism destinations include 12 wildlife sanctuaries and two national parks: Periyar Tiger Reserve, Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Thattekad Bird Sanctuary, Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Muthanga Wildlife Sanctuary, Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary, Eravikulam National Park, and Silent Valley National Park are the most popular among them. Wetlands: 1941 sq. They are locally known as "muniyara", derived from muni (hermit or sage) and ara (dolmen). Fertility rate is highest in Malappuram district (2.2) and lowest in Pathanamthitta district (1.3). Daily scheduled service has increased from 1,200,000 kilometres (750,000 mi) to 1,422,546 kilometres (883,929 mi),[327] using 6,241 buses on 6,389 routes. Statistics of cases, location, quarantined, test results, community kitchen, Social volunteer force etc. [159], After India was partitioned in 1947 into India and Pakistan, Travancore and Kochi, part of the Union of India were merged on 1 July 1949 to form Travancore-Cochin. [353] As of 2011[update], Thiruvananthapuram is the most populous city in Kerala. After the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the modern-day state of Kerala was formed by merging the Malabar district of Madras State (excluding Gudalur taluk of Nilgiris district, Lakshadweep Islands, Topslip, the Attappadi Forest east of Anakatti), the state of Thiru-Kochi (excluding four southern taluks of Kanyakumari district, Shenkottai and Tenkasi taluks), and the taluk of Kasaragod (now Kasaragod District) in South Canara (Tulunad) which was a part of Madras State. [5]. The state was also affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami,[189] and in 2018 received the worst flooding in nearly a century. [518] Some traditional dance forms such as Margamkali and Parichamuttukali are popular among the Syrian Christians and Chavittu nadakom is popular among the Latin Christians,[519][520] while Oppana and Duffmuttu were popular among the Muslims of the state. Kerala Tourism frames its policy based on the statistics of the tourist arrival data. controlled by Economics & Statistics ... Report on GROSS STATE DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF KERALA FROM 2004-05 TO 2012-13 (BASE YEAR 2004-05) Report on GROSS STATE DOMESTIC PRODUCT OFKERALA FROM 1970-71 TO 2008-09 (BASE YEAR 1999-2000) Agriculture Price Statistics National Sample Survey State … [389] In respect of female empowerment, some negative factors such as higher suicide rate, lower share of earned income, child marriage,[390] complaints of sexual harassment and limited freedom are reported. [58][60][61] The Eradis of Nediyiruppu, who later came to be known as the Zamorins of Kozhikode, who were left out in cold during allocation of the land, was granted the Cheraman Perumal's sword (with the permission to "die, and kill, and seize"). [195][196] The distribution of pressure patterns is reversed in the Northeast monsoon, during this season the cold winds from North India pick up moisture from the Bay of Bengal and precipitate it on the east coast of peninsular India. [571] Broadband Internet services are widely available throughout the state; some of the major ISPs are BSNL, Asianet Satellite Communications, Reliance Communications, Airtel, Vodafone Idea Limited, MTS, RailWire and VSNL. [606] The revenue from tourism increased five-fold between 2001 and 2011 and crossed the ₹ 190 billion mark in 2011. The state is also known for Ayurveda, a traditional system of medicine — this traditional expertise is currently drawing increasing numbers of medical tourists. He was instrumental in establishing four mathas at Sringeri, Dwarka, Puri and Jyotirmath. [419] As of 2016, Hindus, Muslims, Christians and others account for 41.88%, 42.55%, 15.35% and 0.22% of the total child births in the state, respectively.[420]. Kozhikode became the most powerful kingdom in the Malayalam speaking region during the Middle Ages. According to a TRAI report, as of June 2018 the total number of wireless phone subscribers in Kerala is about 43.1 million and the wireline subscriber base is at 1.9 million, accounting for the telephone density of 124.15.
Montana State Vs Northern Colorado Prediction, Barrow Bedroom Furniture, 2000 Summer Olympics Rowing, Futu Holdings Subsidiaries, Definition Of Word Google, Gloria Food Api, Teori Penerimaan Pesan, Bucknell Vs Colgate Basketball,