Oxford University Press, 1998. Among these are images of a three-headed or three-faced god, a squatting god, a god with a snake, a god with a wheel, and a horseman with a kneeling giant. The Celtic god Albiorix was associated with Mars as Mars Albiorix. While this was probably produced in relatively modern times (English Civil War era), it was long thought to be a representation of the Dagda. What has survived includes material dealing with the Tuatha Dé Danann and the Fomorians, which forms the basis for the text Cath Maige Tuired "The Battle of Mag Tuireadh", as well as portions of the history-focused Lebor Gabála Érenn ("The Book of Invasions"). Bres was a Celtic fertility god, the son of the Fomorian prince Elatha and the goddess Eriu. Morrigan is a Celtic goddess of war who hovered over the battlefield as a crow or raven. The distribution of some of the images has been mapped and shows a pattern of central concentration of an image along with a wide scatter indicating these images were most likely attached to specific tribes and were distributed from some central point of tribal concentration outward along lines of trade. Nerthus was a Germanic fertility goddess mentioned in Tacitus' Germania. In Ireland a festival called the Lughnasadh (Irish: Lúnasa "August") was held in his honor. Explore the Celtic pantheon and rediscover the classic Irish, Welsh and British gods including the Dagda, the Morrigan, Lugh, Danu, Cernunnos, Brigid and more. Gill, N.S. In addition to these five, Caesar mentions that the Gauls traced their ancestry to Dīs Pater[16] (possibly Irish Donn). He is depicted with helmet and shield. Sacrifices, human and animal, took places at these sacred sites. Maponus was a Celtic god of music and poetry in Britain and France, sometimes associated with Apollo. Other characters, in all likelihood, derive from mythological sources, and various episodes, such as the appearance of Arawn, a king of the Otherworld seeking the aid of a mortal in his own feuds, and the tale of the hero who cannot be killed except under seemingly contradictory circumstances, can be traced throughout Indo-European myth and legend. Cernunnos is born at the winter solstice and dies at the summer solstice. Celtic Deities. Celtic mythology is found in a number of distinct, if related, subgroups, largely corresponding to the branches of the Celtic languages: As a result of the scarcity of surviving materials bearing written Gaulish, it is surmised that the most of the Celtic writings were destroyed by the Romans, although a written form of Gaulish using Greek, Latin and North Italic alphabets was used (as evidenced by votive items bearing inscriptions in Gaulish and the Coligny calendar). Mercury was seen as the originator of all the arts (and is often taken to refer to Lugus for this reason), the supporter of adventurers and of traders, and the mightiest power concerning trade and profit. Celtic is the mythology of Celtic polytheism, the religion of the Iron Age Celts. Borvo (Bormanus, Bormo) was a Gallic god of healing springs whom the Romans associated with Apollo. The image of the three-headed god has a central concentration among the Belgae, between the Oise, Marne and Moselle rivers. Less is known about the pre-Christian mythologies of Britain than those of Ireland. [1] Like other Iron Age Europeans, the early Celts maintained a polytheistic mythology and religious structure. Belenus is a Celtic god of healing worshiped from Italy to Britain. [11], Along with dedications giving us god names, there are also deity representations to which no name has yet been attached. Cernunnos is a horned god associated with fertility, nature, fruit, grain, the underworld, and wealth, and especially associated with horned animals like the bull, stag, and a ram-headed serpent. The etymology of Beltaine may be connected with Belenus. Celtic Gods. He was killed by the god of death Balor. The children of Llŷr ("Sea" = Irish Ler) in the Second and Third Branches, and the children of Dôn (Danu in Irish and earlier Indo-European tradition) in the Fourth Branch are major figures, but the tales themselves are not primary mythology. She is most commonly known for her involvement in the Táin Bó Cúailnge. Gods are a race of divine immortal beings who control the forces of nature and rule large portions of the Earth. Belenus is a Celtic god of healing worshiped from Italy to Britain. Nemausicae was a Celtic mother goddess of fertility and healing. The horseman with the kneeling giant is centered on either side of the Rhine. This has been called into question by recent studies which show that there may have been a representation of what looks like a large drapery hanging from the horizontal arm of the figure, leading to suspicion that this figure actually represents Hercules (Heracles), with the skin of the Nemean lion over his arm and carrying the club he used to kill it. Lenus was a Celtic healing god sometimes equated with the Celtic god Iovantucarus and the Roman god Mars who in this Celtic version was a healing god. Medb (or Meadhbh, Méadhbh, Maeve, Maev, Meave, and Maive), goddess of Connacht and Leinster. Although the Celtic world at its height covered much of western and central Europe, it was not politically unified nor was there any substantial central source of cultural influence or homogeneity; as a result, there was a great deal of variation in local practices of Celtic religion (although certain motifs, for example the god Lugh, appear to have diffused throughout the Celtic world). According to the Syrian rhetorician Lucian, Ogmios was supposed to lead a band of men chained by their ears to his tongue as a symbol of the strength of his eloquence. Nehalennia was a Celtic goddess of seafarers, fertility, and abundance. As leader of the Tuatha De Danann, Lugh defeated the Fomorians at the Second Battle of Magh. He had an invincible sword that would cut his enemies in half. Brigit is also known as Brighid or Brigantia and in Christianity is known as St. Brigit or Brigid. [3] Julius Caesar attests to the literacy of the Gauls, but also wrote that their priests, the druids, were forbidden to use writing to record certain verses of religious significance[4] (Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.14) while also noting that the Helvetii had a written census (Caesar, De Bello Gallico 1.29). Lug is described in the Celtic myths as the last to be added to the list of deities. The oldest body of myths stemming from the Heroic Age is found only from the early medieval period of Ireland.
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